Classics Papers by Master Researchers
1. Rehn L: On penetrating cardiac injuries and cardiac suturing. Arch Klin Chir 1897; 55: 315.
2. Aristotle: De Partibus Animalium , liber III, cap. 4 (Opera Edidit Academia Regia Rorussica), 3:328; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 206.
3. ab Aquapendente Fabricius: Opera Chiururgica , cap. 21 (Patavii, 1666), p 104; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 209.
4. Fischer G: Die Wunden des Herzens and des Herzbeutels. Arch Klin Chir 1868; 9:571; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 210.
5. Block: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Chirurgie (Elften Congress, Berlin, 1882), part I, p 108; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 210.
6. Del Vecchio S: Sutura del Cuore, Riforma Med 1895; 11:38; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 210.
7. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1895-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 3.
8. Paget S: Surgery of the Chest. London, John Wright, 1896, p 121.
9. Absolon KB: Theodor Billroth and cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 451.
10. Schober KL: The quotation about the heart: Comments on Theodor Billroth's attitude towards cardiac surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surgeon 1981; 29: 131.
11. Richardson RG: Billroth and cardiac surgery. Lancet 1963; 1: 1323.
12. Nissen R: Billroth and cardiac surgery. Lancet 1963; 2: 250.
13. Rehn L: Zur chirurgie des herzens und des herzbeutels. Arch Klin Chir 1907; 83:723; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 212.
14. Hill LL: A report of a case of successful suturing of the heart, and table of thirty seven other cases of suturing by different operators with various terminations, and the conclusions drawn. Med Rec 1902; 2: 846.
15. Harken DE: Foreign bodies in and in relation to the thoracic blood vessels and heart: I. Techniques for approaching and removing foreign bodies from the chambers of the heart. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1946; 83: 117.
16. Trendelenburg F: Operative management of pulmonary embolie. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 1908; 89:
17. Trendelenburg F: Zur operation der embolie der lungenarterie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1908; 34: 1172.
18. Kirschner M: Ein durch die Trendelenburgische operation geheiter fall von embolie der art. pulmonalis. Arch Klin Chir 1924; 133: 312.
19. Gibbon JH: Artificial maintenance of circulation during experimental occlusion of pulmonary artery. Arch Surg 1937; 34: 1105.
20. Sharp EH: Pulmonary embolectomy: Successful removal of a massive pulmonary embolus with the support of cardiopulmonary bypass. Case report. Ann Surg 1962; 156: 1.
21. Morgagni GB: De edibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis. Benetiis, typ. Remondiniana 1761.
22. Pick F: Ueber chronoische, unter dem bilde der lebercirrhose verlautende pericarditis (pericarditsische pseudolebercirrhose) nebst bemerkungen ueber zuckergussleber (Curshmann). Z Klin Med 1896; 29: 385.
23. Weill E: Traite clinique des maladies du coeur chez les enfants. Paris, Doin, 1895.
24. Delorme E: Sur un traitement chirurgical de la symphyse cardopericardique. Gaz Hop 1898; 71: 1150.
25. Rehn I: Zur experimentellen pathologie des herzbeutels. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 1913; 42: 339.
26. Sauerbruch R: Die Chirurgie der Brustorgane vol II. Berlin, , 1925.
27. Forssmann W: Catheterization of the right heart. Klin Wochenschr 1929; 8: 2085.
28. Forssmann W: 21 jahre herzkatheterung, rueckblick and ausschau. Verh Dtsch Ges Kreislaufforschung 1951; 17: 1.
29. Klein O: Zur bestimmung des zirkulatorischen minutenvoumnens beim menschen nach dem fisckschen prinzip. Meunsch Med Wochenschr 1930; 77: 1311.
30. Forssmann W: Ueber kontrastdarstellung der hoehlen des lebenden rechten herzens and der lungenschlagader. Muensch Med Wochenschr 1931; 78: 489.
31. Tuffier T: Etat actuel de la chirurgie intrathoracique. Trans Int Congr Med 1913 (London 1914), 7; Surgery 1914; 2: 249.
32. Shumacker HB Jr: The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1992, p 116.
33. Brock RC: The arterial route to the aortic and pulmonary valves. The mitral route to the aortic valves. Guys Hosp Rep 1950; 99: 236.
34. Brock Sir Russell: Aortic subvalvular stenosis; surgical treatment. Guys Hosp Rep 1957; 106: 221.
35. Bailey CP, Bolton HE, Nichols HT, et al: Commissurotomy for rheumatic aortic stenosis. Circulation 1954; 9: 22.
36. Cushing H, Branch JRB: Experimental and clinical notes on chronic valvular lesions in the dog and their possible relation to a future surgery of the cardiac valves. J Med Res 1908; 17: 471.
37. Cutler EC, Levine SA: Cardiotomy and valvulotomy for mitral stenosis. Boston Med Surg J 1923; 188: 1023.
38. Suttar HS: Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. Br Med J 1925; 2: 603.
39. Acierno LJ: The History of Cardiology. New York, Parthenon Publishing Group, 1994, p 633.
40. Bailey CP: The surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. Dis Chest 1949; 15: 377.
41. Naef AP: The Story of Thoracic Surgery. New York, Hogrefe & Huber, 1990, p 94.
42. Baker C, Brock RC, Campbell M: Valvulotomy for mitral stenosis: Report of six successful cases. Br Med J 1950; 1: 1283.
43. Sellors TH: Surgery of pulmonary stenosis: A case in which the pulmonary valve was successfully divided. Lancet 1948; 1: 988.
44. Shumacker HB Jr: The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1992, p 98.
45. Hufnagel CA: Aortic plastic valvular prostheses. Bull Georgetown Med Cent 1951; 4: 128.
46. Campbell JM: Artificial aortic valve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1958; 19: 312.
47. Hufnagel CA, Harvey WP, Rabil PJ, et al: Surgical correction of aortic insufficiency. Surgery 1954; 35: 673.
48. Trace HD, Bailey CP, Wendkos MH: Tricuspid valve commissurotomy with a one year follow-up. > Am Heart J 1954; 47: 613.
49. Brofman BL: Right auriculoventricular pressure gradients with special reference to tricuspid stenosis. J Lab Clin Med 1953; 42: 789.
50. Likoff W, Berkowitz D, Denton C, et al: A clinical evaluation of surgical treatment of combined mitral and aortic stenosis. Am Heart J 1955; 219: 394.
51. Lillehei CW, Gott VL, DeWall RA, et al: The surgical treatment of stenotic and regurgitant lesions of the mitral and aortic valves by direct utilization of a pump oxygenator. J Thorac Surg 1958; 35: 154.
52. Borman JB, Applebaum A, Hirsch M, et al: Quadruple valve commissurotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1975; 70: 713.
53. Graybiel A, Strieder JW, Boyer NH: An attempt to obliterate the patent ductus in a patient with subacute endarteritis. Am Heart J 1938; 15: 621.
54. Gross RE, Hubbard JH: Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus: Report of first successful case. JAMA 1939; 112: 729.
55. Harken AH: The very beginnings in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 6.
56. Crafoord C, Nylin G: Congenital coarctation of the aorta and its surgical treatment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1945; 14: 347.
57. Gross RE: Surgical correction for coarctation of the aorta. Surgery 1945; 18: 673.
58. Gross RE: Surgical relief for tracheal obstruction from a vascular ring. N Engl J Med 1945; 233: 586.
59. Gross RE, Neuhauser EBD: Compression of the trachea or esophagus by vascular anomalies: Surgical therapy in 40 cases. Pediatrics 1951; 7: 69.
60. Blalock A, Taussig HB: The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. > JAMA 1945; 128: 189.
61. Biorck G, Crafoord C: Arteriovenous aneurysm on the pulmonary artery simulating patent ductus arteriosus botalli. Thorax 1947; 2: 65.
62. Muller WH Jr: The surgical treatment of the transposition of the pulmonary veins. Ann Surg 1951; 134: 683.
63. Gross RE: Surgical closure of an aortic septal defect. Circulation 1952; 5: 858.
64. Cooley DA, McNamara DR, Latson JR: Aorticopulmonary septal defect: Diagnosis and surgical treatment. Surgery 1957; 42: 101.
65. Carlon CA, Mondini PG, de Marchi R: Surgical treatment of some cardiovascular diseases. J Int Coll Surg 1951; 16: 1.
66. Glenn WWL: Circulatory bypass of the right side of the hearts: IV. Shunt between superior vena cava and distal right pulmonary artery—report of clinical application. N Engl J Med 1958; 259: 117.
67. Galankin NK: Proposition and technique of cavo-pulmonary anastomosis. Exp Biol (Russia) 1957; 5: 33.
68. Lillehei CW: Historical development of cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiopulmonary Bypass 1993; 1: 26.
69. von Frey M, Gruber M: Untersuchungen uber den stoffwechsel isolierter ograne. Ein respirations-apparat fur isolierte organe. Virchows Arch Physiol 1885; 9: 519.
70. Jacobi C: Ein betrag zur technik der kunstlichen durchblutung uberlebender organe. Arch Exp Pathol (Leipzig) 1895; 31: 330.
71. Brukhonenko SS, Tchetchuline S: Experience avec la tete isole du chien: I. Techniques et conditions des experiences. J Physiol Pathol Genet 1929; 27: 31.
72. Edwards WS, Edwards PD, Carrel Alexis: Visionary Surgeon. Springfield, IL, Charles C Thomas, 1974, p 93.
73. Edwards WS, Edwards PD: Alexis Carrel: Visionary Surgeon. Springfield, IL, Charles C Thomas, 1974, p 95.
74. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 121.
75. McLean J: The discovery of heparin. Circulation 1959; 19: 78.
76. Letter from Jay McLean to Charles H. Best on November 14, 1940; quoted from Best CH: Preparation of heparin and its use in the first clinical case. Circulation 1959; 19: 79.
77. Howell WH, Holt E: Two new factors in blood coagulation: Heparin and pro-antithrombin. Am J Physiol 1918; 47: 328.
78. Best C: Preparation of heparin and its use in the first clinical cases. Circulation 1959; 19: 81.
79. Gibbon JH Jr: The gestation and birth of an idea. Phila Med 1963; 59: 913.
80. Gibbon JH Jr: Artificial maintenance of circulation during experimental occlusion of the pulmonary artery. Arch Surg 1937; 34: 1105.
81. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 145.
82. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 148.
83. Dennis C, Spreng DS, Nelson GE, et al: Development of a pump oxygenator to replace the heart and lungs: An apparatus applicable to human patients, and application to one case. Ann Surg 1951; 134: 709.
84. Digliotti AM: Clinical use of the artificial circulation with a note on intra-arterial transfusion. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1951; 90: 131.
85. Dodrill FD, Hill E, Gerisch RA: Temporary mechanical substitute for the left ventricle in man. JAMA 1952; 150: 642.
86. Dodrill FD, Hill E, Gerisch RA: Some physiologic aspects of the artificial heart problem. J Thorac Surg 1952; 24: 134.
87. Dodrill FD, Hill E, Gerisch RA, Johnson A: Pulmonary valvuloplasty under direct vision using the mechanical heart for a complete bypass of the right heart in a patient with congenital pulmonary stenosis. J Thorac Surg 1953; 25: 584.
88. Bigelow WG, Callaghan JC, Hopps JA: General hypothermia for experimental intracardiac surgery. Am Surg 1950; 132: 531.
89. Bigelow WG, Lindsay WK, Harrison RC, et al: Oxygen transport and utilization in dogs at low body temperatures. Am J Physiol 1950; 160: 125.
90. Bigelow WG, Hopps JA, Callaghan JA: Radiofrequency rewarming in resuscitation from severe hypothermia. Can J Med Sci 1952; 30: 185.
91. Bigelow WG: Intellectual humility in medical practice and research. Surgery 1969; 132: 849.
92. Lewis FJ, Taufic M: Closure of atrial septal defects with the aid of hypothermia: Experimental accomplishments and the report of one successful case. Surgery 1953; 33: 52.
93. Swan H, Zeavin I, Blount SG Jr, Virtue RW: Surgery by direct vision in the open heart during hypothermia. JAMA 1953; 153: 1081.
94. Hikasa Y, Shirotani H, Satomura K, et al: Open heart surgery in infants with the aid of hypothermic anesthesia. Arch Jpn Chir 1967; 36: 495.
95. Horiuchi T, Koyamada K, Matano I, et al: Radical operation for ventricular septal defect in infancy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1963; 46: 180.
96. Dillard DH, Mohri H, Hessel II EA, et al: Correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in infancy utilizing deep hypothermia with total circulatory arrest. Circulation 1967; 35, 36 (suppl I): I-105.
97. Wakusawa R, Shibata S, Saito H, et al: Clinical experience in 52 cases of open heart surgery under simple profound hypothermia. Jpn J Anesth 1968; 18: 240.
98. Barratt-Boyes BG, Simpson MM, Neutze JM: Intracardiac surgery in neonates and infants using deep hypothermia. Circulation 1970; 61 suppl III: III-73.
99. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 143.
100. Gibbon Jr JH: Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery. Minn Med 1954; 37: 171.
101. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, et al: The results of direct vision closure of ventricular septal defects in eight patients by means of controlled cross circulation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1955; 101: 446.
102. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, et al: The direct vision intracardiac correction of congenital anomalies by controlled cross circulation. Surgery 1955; 38: 11.
103. Kirklin JW, DuShane JW, Patrick RT, et al: Intracardiac surgery with the aid of a mechanical pump-oxygenator system (Gibbon type): Report of eight cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1955; 30: 201.
104. Kirklin JW: The middle 1950s and C. Walton Lillehei. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989; 98: 822.
105. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 167.
106. Hill JD, O'Brien TG, Murray JJ, et al: Prolonged extracorporeal oxygenation for acute post-traumatic respiratory failure (shock-lung syndrome): Use of the Bramson membrane lung. N Engl J Med 1972; 286: 629.
107. Zapol WM, Snider MT, Hill JD, et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure: A randomized prospective study. JAMA 1979; 242: 2193.
108. Bartlett RH, Gazzaniga AB, Jefferies R: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cardiopulmonary support in infancy. ASAIO Trans 1976; 22: 80.
109. Bartlett RH, Andrews AF, Toomasian J: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for newborn respiratory failure: 45 cases. Surgery 1982; 92: 425.
110. Bartlett RH, Gazzaniga AV, Toomasian J, et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonatal respiratory failure: 100 cases. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 236.
111. Toomasian JM, Snedecor SM, Cornell RG, et al: National experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for newborn respiratory failure: Data from 715 cases. ASAIO Trans 1988; 34: 140.
112. Bartlett RH, Roloff DW, Cornell RG, et al: Extracorporeal circulation in neonatal respiratory failure: A prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 1989; 84: 957.
113. O'Rourke PP, Crone RK, Vacanti JP, et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and conventional medical therapy in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: A prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 1989; 84: 957.
114. Carrel A: Experimental operations on the orifices of the heart. Ann Surg 1914; 40: 1.
115. Carrel A: On the experimental surgery of the thoracic aorta and the heart. Ann Surg 1910; 52: 83.
116. Melrose DG, Dreyer B, Bentall MB, Baker JBE: Elective cardiac arrest. Lancet 1955; 2: 21.
117. Gay WA Jr, Ebert PA: Functional metabolic, and morphologic effects of potassium-induced cardioplegia. Surgery 1973; 74: 284.
118. Tyers GFO, Todd GJ, Niebauer IM, et al: The mechanism of myocardial damage following potassium-induced (Melrose) cardioplegia. Surgery 1978; 78: 45.
119. Kirsch U, Rodewald G, Kalmar P: Induced ischemic arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 63: 121.
120. Bretschneider HJ, Hubner G, Knoll D, et al: Myocardial resistance and tolerance to ischemia: Physiological and biochemical basis. J Cardiovasc Surg 1975; 16: 241.
121. Hearse DJ, Stewart DA, Braimbridge MV, et al: Cellular protection during myocardial ischemia. Circulation 1976; 16: 241.
122. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 171.
123. Follette DM, Mulder DG, Maloney JV, Buckberg GD: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1978; 78: 604.
124. Potts WJ, Smith S, Gibson S: Anastomosis of the aorta to a pulmonary artery. JAMA 1946; 132:
125. Waterston DJ: Treatment of Fallot's tetralogy in children under one year of age. Rozhl Chir 1962; 41: 181.
126. Blalock A, Hanlon CR: The surgical treatment of complete transposition of the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1950; 90: 1.
127. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, et al: The results of direct vision closure of ventricular septal defects in eight patients by means of controlled cross circulation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1955; 101: 446.
128. Burroughs JT, Kirklin JW: Complete correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous correction: Report of three cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1956; 31: 182.
129. McGoon DC, Edwards JE, Kirklin JW: Surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysm of aortic sinus. Ann Surg 1958; 147: 387.
130. Ellis FH Jr, Kirklin JW: Congenital valvular aortic stenosis: Anatomic findings and surgical techniques. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1962; 43: 199.
131. Cooley DA, McNamara DG, Jatson JR: Aortico-pulmonary-septal defect: Diagnosis and surgical treatment. Surgery 1957; 42: 101.
132. Kirklin JW, Harp RA, McGoon DC: Surgical treatment of origin of both vessels from right ventricle including cases of pulmonary stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1964; 48: 1026.
133. Anderson RC, Lillihei CW, Jester RG: Corrected transposition of the great vessels of the heart. Pediatrics 1957; 20: 626.
134. Senning A: Surgical correction of transposition of the great vessels. Surgery 1959; 45: 966.
135. Swan H, Wilson JH, Woodwork G, Blount SE: Surgical obliteration of a coronary artery fistula to the right ventricle. Arch Surg 1959; 79: 820.
136. Hardy KL, May IA, Webster CA, Kimball KG: Ebstein's anomaly: A functional concept and successful definitive repair <. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1964; 48: 927.
137. Ross DN, Somerville J: Correction of pulmonary atresia with a homograft aortic valve. Lancet 1966; 2: 1446.
138. McGoon DC, Rastelli GC, Ongley PA: An operation for the correction of truncus arteriosus. JAMA 1968; 205: 59.
139. Fontan F, Baudet E: Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia. Thorax 1971; 26: 240.
140. Horiuchi T, Abe T, Okada Y, et al: Feasibility of total correction for single ventricle: A report of total correction in a six-year-old girl. Jpn J Thorac Surg 1970; 23: 434(In Japanese.).
141. Konno S, Iami Y, Iida Y, et al: A new method for prosthetic valve replacement in congenital aortic stenosis associated with hypoplasia of the aortic valve ring. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1975; 70: 909.
142. Jatene AD, Fontes VF, Paulista PP, et al: Anatomic correction of transposition of the great vessel. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976; 72: 364.
143. Norwood WI, Lang P, Hansen DD: Physiologic repair of aortic atresia-hypoplastic left heart syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 23.
144. Bailey LL, Gundry SR, Razzouk AJ, et al: Bless the babies: One hundred fifteen late survivors of heart transplantation during the first year of life. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 105: 805.
145. Harken DE, Soroff HS, Taylor WJ, et al: Partial and complete prostheses in aortic insufficiency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1960; 40: 744.
146. Starr A, Edwards ML: Mitral replacement: Clinical experience with a ball-valve prosthesis. Ann Surg 1961; 154: 726.
147. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 168.
148. Starr A, Edwards LM, McCord CW, et al: Multiple valve replacement. Circulation 1964; 29: 30.
149. Cartwright RS, Giacobine JW, Ratan RS, et al: Combined aortic and mitral valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1963; 45: 35.
150. Knott-Craig CJ, Schaff HV, Mullany CJ, et al: Carcinoid disease of the heart: Surgical management of ten patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104: 475.
151. Morrow AG, Brockenbrough EC: Surgical treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: Technic and hemodynamic results of subaortic ventriculomyotomy. Ann Surg 1961; 154: 181.
152. Heimbecker RO, Baird RJ, Lajos RJ, et al: Homograft replacement of the human valve: A preliminary report. Can Med Assoc J 1962; 86: 805.
153. Ross DN: Homograft replacement of the aortic valve. Lancet 1962; 2: 487.
154. Ross DN: Replacement of aortic and mitral valves with a pulmonary autograft. Lancet 1967; 2: 956.
155. Gerosa G, McKay R, Davies J, et al: Comparison of the aortic homograft and the pulmonary autograft for aortic valve or root replacement in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 102: 51.
156. Binet JP, Carpentier A, Langlois J, et al: Implantation de valves heterogenes dans le traitment des cardiopathies aortiques. C R Acad Sci Paris 1965; 261: 5733.
157. Binet JP, Planche C, Weiss M: Heterograft replacement of the aortic valve in Ionescu MI, Ross DN, Wooler GH (eds) Biological Tissue in Heart Valve Replacement. London, Butterworth, 1971, p 409.
158. Carpentier A: Principles of tissue valve transplantation in Ionescu MI, Ross DN, Wooler GH (eds) Biological Tissue in Heart Valve Replacement. London, Butterworth, 1971, p 49.
159. Kaiser GA, Hancock WD, Lukban SB, Litwak RS: Clinical use of a new design stented xenograft heart valve prosthesis. Surg Forum 1969; 20: 137.
160. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 168.
161. Wooler GH, Nixon PG, Grimshaw VA, et al: Experiences with the repair of the mitral valve in mitral incompetence. Thorax 1962; 17: 49.
162. Reed GE, Tice DA, Clause RH: A symmetric, exaggerated mitral annuloplasty: Repair of mitral insufficiency with hemodynamic predictability. J Thorax Cardiovasc Surg 1965; 49: 752.
163. Kay JH, Zubiate T, Mendez MA, et al: Mitral valve repair for significant mitral insufficiency. Am Heart J 1978; 96: 243.
164. Carpentier A: Cardiac valve surgery: “The French correction”. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 23.
165. Arbulu A, Thoms NW, Chiscano A, Wilson RF: Total tricuspid valvulectomy without replacement in the treatment of Pseudomonas endocarditis . Surg Forum 1971; 22: 162.
166. Arbulu A, Holmes RJ, Asfaw I: Surgical treatment of intractable right-sided infective endocarditis in drug addicts: 25 years experience. J Heart Valve Dis 1993; 2: 129.
167. Beck CS: The development of a new blood supply to the heart by operation in Levy RL (ed) Disease of the Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Pain. New York, Macmillan, 1936, p 17.
168. Beck CS: The development of a new blood supply to the heart by operation. Ann Surg 1935; 102: 805.
169. Beck CS: Coronary sclerosis and angina pectoris: Treatment by grafting a new blood supply upon the myocardium. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1937; 64: 270.
170. Vineberg AM: Development of an anastomosis between the coronary vessels and a transplanted internal mammary artery. Can Med Assoc J 1946; 55: 117.
171. Vineberg AM: Medical news section. JAMA 1975; 234: 693.
172. Longmire WP Jr, Cannon JA, Kattus AA: Direct-vision coronary endarterectomy for angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 1958; 259: 993.
173. Sones FM, Shirey EK: Cine coronary arteriography. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 1962; 31: 735.
174. Johnson WD: Coronary surgery in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 221.
175. Garrett EH, Dennis EW, DeBakey ME: Aortocoronary bypass with saphenous vein grafts: Seven-year follow-up. JAMA 1973; 223: 792.
176. Shumaker HB Jr: The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1992, p 141.
177. Demikhov VP: Experimental Transplantation of Vital Organs Authorized translation from the Russian by Basil Haigh. New York, Consultants Bureau, 1962.
178. Kolessov VI: Mammary artery-coronary artery anastomosis as a method of treatment for angina pectoris. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1967; 54: 535.
179. Green GE, Stertzer SH, Reppert EH: Coronary arterial bypass grafts. Ann Thorac Surg 1968; 5: 443.
180. Bailey CP, Hirose T: Successful internal mammary-coronary arterial anastomosis using a “minivascular” suturing technic. Int Surg 1968; 49: 416.
181. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 170.
182. Favalaro RG: Saphenous vein autograft replacement of severe segmental coronary artery occlusion. Ann Thorac Surg 1968; 5: 334.
183. Johnson WD, Flemma RJ, Lepley D Jr, Ellison EH: Extended treatment of severe coronary artery disease: A total surgical approach. Ann Surg 1969; 171: 460.
184. Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, et al: Influence of the internal-mammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1.
185. Cooley DA, Belmonte BA, Zeis LB, Schnur S: Surgical repair of ruptured interventricular septum following acute myocardial infarction. Surgery 1957; 41: 930.
186. Cooley DA, Henly WS, Amad KH, Chapman DW: Ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction: Results of surgical treatment. Ann Surg 1959; 150: 595.
187. Beck CS: Operation for aneurysm of the heart. Ann Surg 1944; 120: 34.
188. Bailey CP, et al: Ventriculoplasty for cardiac aneurysm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1958; 35: 37.
189. Petrovsky BV: The use of diaphragmatic flaps for plastic purpose in thoracic surgery. Chest Surg (Moscow) 1959; 51: 73.
190. Petrovsky BV: Certain problems of surgical treatment in cardiac aneurysms. Surgery (Moscow) 1959; 4: 11.
191. Petrovsky BV: Surgical treatment of cardiac aneurysms following myocardial infarction. Surgery (Moscow) 1960; 9: 11.
192. Petrovsky BV: The use of the diaphragm grafts for plastic operations in thoracic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1961; 41: 348.
193. Petrovsky BV: The surgical treatment of cardiac aneurysms. Surgery (Moscow) 1963; 2: 5.
194. Cobb FR, Blumenshein SD, Sealy WC, et al: Successful surgery interruption of the bundle of Kent in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation 1968; 38: 1018.
195. Cox JL: Arrhythmia surgery in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 258.
196. Guiraudon G, Fontaine G, Frank R, et al: Encircling endocardial ventriculotomy: A new surgical treatment for life-threatening ventricular tachycardias resistant to medical treatment following myocardial infarction. Ann Thorac Surg 1978; 26: 438.
197. Josephson ME, Harken AH, Horowitz LN: Endocardial excision: A new surgical technique for the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1979; 60: 1430.
198. Ross DL, Johnson DC, Denniss AR, et al: Curative surgery for atrioventricular junctional (“AV node”) reentrant tachycardia. J Amer Coll Cardiol 1985; 6: 1383.
199. Cox JL, Holman WL, Cain ME: Cryosurgical treatment of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia. Circulation 1987; 76: 1329.
200. Cox JL: The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation: IV. Surgical technique. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 101: 584.
201. Mirowski M, Reid PR, Mower MM, et al: Termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias with an implanted automatic defibrillator in human beings. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 322.
202. Bakken EE: Pacemakers and defibrillators in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 298.
203. Zoll PM: Resuscitation of the heart in ventricular standstill by external electrical stimulation. N Engl J Med 1952; 247: 768.
204. Lillehei CW, Gott VL, Hodges PC Jr, et al: Transistor pacemaker for treatment of complete atrioventricular dissociation. JAMA 1960; 172: 2006.
205. Elmquist R, Senning A: Implantable pacemaker for the heart in Smyth, CN (ed): Medical Electronics: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Medical Electronics, Paris, June, 1959. London, Iliffe & Sons, 1960.
206. Chardack WM, Gage AA, Greatbatch W: Correction of complete heart block by a self-contained and subcutaneously implanted pacemaker: Clinical experience with 15 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1961; 42: 814.
207. Parsonnet V, Zucker IR, Gilbert L, et al: An intracardiac bipolar electrode for interim treatment of complete heart block. Am J Cardiol 1962; 10: 261.
208. Ekestrom S, Johansson L, Lagergren H: Behandling av Adams-Stokes syndrom med en intracardiell pacemaker elektrod. Opusc Med 1962; 7: 1.
209. Carrel A, Guthrie CC: The transplantation of vein and organs. Am Med 1905; 10: 101.
210. Shumaker HB Jr: The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1992, p 317.
211. Demikhov VP: Experimental transplantation of an additional heart in the dog. Bull Exp Biol Med (Russia) 1950; 1: 241.
212. Lower RR, Shumway NE: Studies on orthotopic homotransplantation of the canine heart. Surg Forum 1960; 11: 18.
213. Brock R: Heart excision and replacement. Guys Hosp Rep 1959; 108: 285.
214. Spencer F: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 172.
215. Hardy JD, Chavez CM, Hurrus FD, et al: Heart transplantation in man and report of a case. JAMA 1964; 188: 1132.
216. Barnard CN: A human cardiac transplant: An interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. S Afr Med J 1967; 41: 1271.
217. Kantrowitz A: Heart, heart-lung and lung transplantation in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 314.
218. Thomson G: Provisional report on the autopsy of LW. South Afr Med J 1967; 41: 1277.
219. Ruggiero R: Commentary on Barnard CN: A human cardiac transplant: An interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town S Afr Med J 1967; 41:1271 in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 327.
220. Reitz BA, Wallwork JL, Hunt SA, et al: Heart-lung transplantation: Successful therapy for patients with pulmonary vascular disease. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 557.
221. Reitz BA, Burton NA, Jamieson SW, et al: Heart and lung transplantation: Autotransplantation and allotransplantation in primates with extended survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980; 80: 360.
222. Castaneda AR, Arnar O, Schmidt-Habelman P, et al: Cardiopulmonary transplantation in primates. J Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 37: 523.
223. Harjula A, Baldwin J, Henry D, et al: Minimal lung pathology on long-term primate survivors of heart-lung transplantation. Transplantation 1987; 44: 852.
224. Juvenelle AA, Citret C, Wiles CE Jr, Stewart JD: Pneumonectomy with replantation of the lung in dog for physiologic studies. J Thorac Surg 1951; 21: 111.
225. Naef AP: The Story of Thoracic Surgery: Milestones and PioneersW. Toronto, Hogrefe & Huber, 1990, p 132.
226. Metras H: Note preliminaire sur la greffe du poumon chez le chien. C R Acad Sci (Paris) 1950; 231: 1176.
227. Hardy JD, Webb WR, Dalton ML Jr, Walker GR Jr: Lung homotransplantation in man: Report of the initial case. JAMA 1963; 286: 1065.
228. Derom F, Barbier F, Ringoir S, et al: Ten-month survival after lung homotransplantation in man. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1971; 61: 835.
229. Cooper JD, Ginsberg RJ, Goldberg M, et al: Unilateral lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1140.
230. Harken DE: Presentation at the meeting of the International College of Cardiology. Brussels, , 1958.
231. Clauss RH, Birtwell WC, Altertal G, et al: Assisted circulation: I. The arterial counterpulsator. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1961; 41: 447.
232. Moulopoulos SD, Topaz S, Kolff WJ: Diastolic balloon pumping in the aorta: Mechanical assistance to the failing heart. Am Heart J 1962; 63: 669.
233. Kantrowitz A, Tjonneland S, Freed PS, et al: Initial clinical experience with intraaortic balloon pumping in cardiogenic shock. JAMA 1968; 203: 135.
234. Akutsu T, Kolff WJ: Permanent substitutes for valves and hearts. Trans ASAIO 1958; 4: 230.
235. Liotta D, Hall W, Henly WS, et al: Prolonged assisted circulation during and after cardiac or aortic surgery: Prolonged partial left ventricular bypass by means of intracorporeal circulation. Am J Cardiol 1963; 12: 399.
236. Cooley DA, Liotta D, Hallman GL, et al: Orthotopic cardiac prosthesis for two-staged cardiac replacement. Am J Cardiol 1969; 24: 723.
237. Hill JD, Farrar DJ, Hershon JJ, et al: Use of a prosthetic ventricle as a bridge to cardiac transplantation for postinfarction cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 626.
238. Starnes VA, Ayer PE, Portner PM, et al: Isolated left ventricular assist as bridge to cardiac transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 96: 62.
239. DeVries WC, Anderson JL, Joyce LD, et al: Clinical use of total artificial heart. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 273.
240. Kantrowitz A, McKinnon W: The experimental use of the diaphragm as an auxiliary myocardium. Surg Forum 1959; 9: 266.
241. Salmons S, Vrbova G: The influence of activity on some contractile characteristics of mammalian fast and slow muscles. J Physiol 1960; 150: 417.
242. Macoviak JA, Stephenson LW, Armenti F, et al: Electrical conditioning of in situ skeletal muscle for replacement of myocardium. J Surg Res 1982; 32: 429.
243. Mannion JD, Bitto T, Hammond RL, et al: Histochemical and fatigue-resistant characteristics of conditioned canine latissimus dorsi muscle. Circ Res 1986; 58: 298.
244. Dewar ML, Drinkwater DC, Wittnich C, Chiu RC-J: Synchronously stimulated skeletal muscle graft for myocardial repair: An experimental study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 87: 325.
245. Carpentier A, Chachques JC: Myocardial substitution with a stimulated skeletal muscle: First successful clinical case. Lancet 1985; 1: 1267.
246. Thomas GA, Isoda S, Hammond RL, et al: Pericardium-lined skeletal muscle ventricles as aortic counterpulsators: Two year in-circulation experience. Ann Thorac Surg..
247. Edwards WS, Edwards PD: Alexis Carrel: Visionary Surgeon. Springfield, IL, Charles C Thomas, 1974, p 26.
248. Acierno LJ: The History of Cardiology. New York, Parthenon, 1994, p 603.
249. DeBakey ME, Simeone FA: Battle injuries of the arteries in World War II. Am J Surg 1946; 123: 534.
250. Schumaker HB: Surgical cure of innominate aneurysm: Report of a case with comments on the applicability of surgical measures. Surgery 1947; 22: 739.
251. Swan HC, Maaske M, Johnson M, Grover R: Arterial homografts: II. Resection of thoracic aneurysm using a stored human arterial transplant. Arch Surg 1950; 61: 732.
252. Gross RE: Treatment of certain aortic coarctations by homologous grafts: A report of nineteen cases. Ann Surg 1951; 134: 753.
253. Dubost C, Allary M, Oeconomos N: Resection of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: Reestablishment of the continuity by a preserved human arterial graft, with results after five months. Arch Surg 1952; 62: 405.
254. Bahnson HT: Definitive treatment of saccular aneurysms of the aorta with excision of sac and aortic suture. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1953; 96: 383.
255. DeBakey ME, Cooley DA: Successful resection of aneurysm of thoracic aorta and replacement by graft. JAMA 1953; 152: 673.
256. Lam C, Aram HA: Resection of the descending thoracic aorta for aneurysm: A report of the use of a homograft in a case and an experimental study. Am Surg 1951; 134: 743.
257. Hughes CW: Acute vascular trauma in Korean War casualties. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1954; 99: 91.
258. Voorhees AB Jr, Janetzky A III, Blakemore AH: The use of tubes constructed from Vinyon “N” cloth in bridging defects. Ann Surg 1952; 135: 332.
259. Edwards WS, Tapp JS: Chemically treated nylon tubes as arterial grafts. Surgery 1995; 38: 61.
260. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 164.
261. DeBakey ME, Cooley DA, Creech O Jr: Surgical consideration of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. Ann Surg 1955; 142: 586.
262. Wheat MW Jr, Palmer RF, Bartley TD, Seelman RC: Treatment of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta without surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1965; 50: 364.
263. Cooley DA, DeBakey ME: Resection of entire ascending aorta in fusiform aneurysm using cardiac bypass. JAMA 1956; 162: 1158.
264. DeBakey ME Jr, Creech O, Morris GC Jr: Aneurysm of the thoracoabdominal aorta involving the celiac superior mesenteric, and renal arteries: Report of four cases treated by resection and homograft replacement. Ann Surg 1956; 144: 549.
265. DeBakey ME, Crawford ES, Dooley DA, Morris GC Jr: Successful resection of fusiform aneurysm of aortic arch with replacement by homograft. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1957; 105: 657.
266. Bentall H, De Bono A: A technique for complete replacement of the ascending aorta. Thorax 1968; 23: 338.
267. Starr A, Edwards WL, McCord MD, et al: Aortic replacement. Circulation 1963; 27: 779.
268. Wheat MW Jr, Wilson JR, Bartley TD: Successful replacement of the entire ascending aorta and aortic valve. JAMA 1964; 188: 717.
269. Treasure RL, Rainer WG, Sadler TR: Left ventricular rupture following mitral valve replacement. Chest 1974; 66: 5.
2. Aristotle: De Partibus Animalium , liber III, cap. 4 (Opera Edidit Academia Regia Rorussica), 3:328; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 206.
3. ab Aquapendente Fabricius: Opera Chiururgica , cap. 21 (Patavii, 1666), p 104; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 209.
4. Fischer G: Die Wunden des Herzens and des Herzbeutels. Arch Klin Chir 1868; 9:571; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 210.
5. Block: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Chirurgie (Elften Congress, Berlin, 1882), part I, p 108; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 210.
6. Del Vecchio S: Sutura del Cuore, Riforma Med 1895; 11:38; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 210.
7. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1895-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 3.
8. Paget S: Surgery of the Chest. London, John Wright, 1896, p 121.
9. Absolon KB: Theodor Billroth and cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 451.
10. Schober KL: The quotation about the heart: Comments on Theodor Billroth's attitude towards cardiac surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surgeon 1981; 29: 131.
11. Richardson RG: Billroth and cardiac surgery. Lancet 1963; 1: 1323.
12. Nissen R: Billroth and cardiac surgery. Lancet 1963; 2: 250.
13. Rehn L: Zur chirurgie des herzens und des herzbeutels. Arch Klin Chir 1907; 83:723; quoted from Beck CS: Wounds of the heart: The technic of suture. Arch Surg 1926; 13: 212.
14. Hill LL: A report of a case of successful suturing of the heart, and table of thirty seven other cases of suturing by different operators with various terminations, and the conclusions drawn. Med Rec 1902; 2: 846.
15. Harken DE: Foreign bodies in and in relation to the thoracic blood vessels and heart: I. Techniques for approaching and removing foreign bodies from the chambers of the heart. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1946; 83: 117.
16. Trendelenburg F: Operative management of pulmonary embolie. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 1908; 89:
17. Trendelenburg F: Zur operation der embolie der lungenarterie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1908; 34: 1172.
18. Kirschner M: Ein durch die Trendelenburgische operation geheiter fall von embolie der art. pulmonalis. Arch Klin Chir 1924; 133: 312.
19. Gibbon JH: Artificial maintenance of circulation during experimental occlusion of pulmonary artery. Arch Surg 1937; 34: 1105.
20. Sharp EH: Pulmonary embolectomy: Successful removal of a massive pulmonary embolus with the support of cardiopulmonary bypass. Case report. Ann Surg 1962; 156: 1.
21. Morgagni GB: De edibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis. Benetiis, typ. Remondiniana 1761.
22. Pick F: Ueber chronoische, unter dem bilde der lebercirrhose verlautende pericarditis (pericarditsische pseudolebercirrhose) nebst bemerkungen ueber zuckergussleber (Curshmann). Z Klin Med 1896; 29: 385.
23. Weill E: Traite clinique des maladies du coeur chez les enfants. Paris, Doin, 1895.
24. Delorme E: Sur un traitement chirurgical de la symphyse cardopericardique. Gaz Hop 1898; 71: 1150.
25. Rehn I: Zur experimentellen pathologie des herzbeutels. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 1913; 42: 339.
26. Sauerbruch R: Die Chirurgie der Brustorgane vol II. Berlin, , 1925.
27. Forssmann W: Catheterization of the right heart. Klin Wochenschr 1929; 8: 2085.
28. Forssmann W: 21 jahre herzkatheterung, rueckblick and ausschau. Verh Dtsch Ges Kreislaufforschung 1951; 17: 1.
29. Klein O: Zur bestimmung des zirkulatorischen minutenvoumnens beim menschen nach dem fisckschen prinzip. Meunsch Med Wochenschr 1930; 77: 1311.
30. Forssmann W: Ueber kontrastdarstellung der hoehlen des lebenden rechten herzens and der lungenschlagader. Muensch Med Wochenschr 1931; 78: 489.
31. Tuffier T: Etat actuel de la chirurgie intrathoracique. Trans Int Congr Med 1913 (London 1914), 7; Surgery 1914; 2: 249.
32. Shumacker HB Jr: The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1992, p 116.
33. Brock RC: The arterial route to the aortic and pulmonary valves. The mitral route to the aortic valves. Guys Hosp Rep 1950; 99: 236.
34. Brock Sir Russell: Aortic subvalvular stenosis; surgical treatment. Guys Hosp Rep 1957; 106: 221.
35. Bailey CP, Bolton HE, Nichols HT, et al: Commissurotomy for rheumatic aortic stenosis. Circulation 1954; 9: 22.
36. Cushing H, Branch JRB: Experimental and clinical notes on chronic valvular lesions in the dog and their possible relation to a future surgery of the cardiac valves. J Med Res 1908; 17: 471.
37. Cutler EC, Levine SA: Cardiotomy and valvulotomy for mitral stenosis. Boston Med Surg J 1923; 188: 1023.
38. Suttar HS: Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. Br Med J 1925; 2: 603.
39. Acierno LJ: The History of Cardiology. New York, Parthenon Publishing Group, 1994, p 633.
40. Bailey CP: The surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. Dis Chest 1949; 15: 377.
41. Naef AP: The Story of Thoracic Surgery. New York, Hogrefe & Huber, 1990, p 94.
42. Baker C, Brock RC, Campbell M: Valvulotomy for mitral stenosis: Report of six successful cases. Br Med J 1950; 1: 1283.
43. Sellors TH: Surgery of pulmonary stenosis: A case in which the pulmonary valve was successfully divided. Lancet 1948; 1: 988.
44. Shumacker HB Jr: The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1992, p 98.
45. Hufnagel CA: Aortic plastic valvular prostheses. Bull Georgetown Med Cent 1951; 4: 128.
46. Campbell JM: Artificial aortic valve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1958; 19: 312.
47. Hufnagel CA, Harvey WP, Rabil PJ, et al: Surgical correction of aortic insufficiency. Surgery 1954; 35: 673.
48. Trace HD, Bailey CP, Wendkos MH: Tricuspid valve commissurotomy with a one year follow-up. > Am Heart J 1954; 47: 613.
49. Brofman BL: Right auriculoventricular pressure gradients with special reference to tricuspid stenosis. J Lab Clin Med 1953; 42: 789.
50. Likoff W, Berkowitz D, Denton C, et al: A clinical evaluation of surgical treatment of combined mitral and aortic stenosis. Am Heart J 1955; 219: 394.
51. Lillehei CW, Gott VL, DeWall RA, et al: The surgical treatment of stenotic and regurgitant lesions of the mitral and aortic valves by direct utilization of a pump oxygenator. J Thorac Surg 1958; 35: 154.
52. Borman JB, Applebaum A, Hirsch M, et al: Quadruple valve commissurotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1975; 70: 713.
53. Graybiel A, Strieder JW, Boyer NH: An attempt to obliterate the patent ductus in a patient with subacute endarteritis. Am Heart J 1938; 15: 621.
54. Gross RE, Hubbard JH: Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus: Report of first successful case. JAMA 1939; 112: 729.
55. Harken AH: The very beginnings in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 6.
56. Crafoord C, Nylin G: Congenital coarctation of the aorta and its surgical treatment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1945; 14: 347.
57. Gross RE: Surgical correction for coarctation of the aorta. Surgery 1945; 18: 673.
58. Gross RE: Surgical relief for tracheal obstruction from a vascular ring. N Engl J Med 1945; 233: 586.
59. Gross RE, Neuhauser EBD: Compression of the trachea or esophagus by vascular anomalies: Surgical therapy in 40 cases. Pediatrics 1951; 7: 69.
60. Blalock A, Taussig HB: The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. > JAMA 1945; 128: 189.
61. Biorck G, Crafoord C: Arteriovenous aneurysm on the pulmonary artery simulating patent ductus arteriosus botalli. Thorax 1947; 2: 65.
62. Muller WH Jr: The surgical treatment of the transposition of the pulmonary veins. Ann Surg 1951; 134: 683.
63. Gross RE: Surgical closure of an aortic septal defect. Circulation 1952; 5: 858.
64. Cooley DA, McNamara DR, Latson JR: Aorticopulmonary septal defect: Diagnosis and surgical treatment. Surgery 1957; 42: 101.
65. Carlon CA, Mondini PG, de Marchi R: Surgical treatment of some cardiovascular diseases. J Int Coll Surg 1951; 16: 1.
66. Glenn WWL: Circulatory bypass of the right side of the hearts: IV. Shunt between superior vena cava and distal right pulmonary artery—report of clinical application. N Engl J Med 1958; 259: 117.
67. Galankin NK: Proposition and technique of cavo-pulmonary anastomosis. Exp Biol (Russia) 1957; 5: 33.
68. Lillehei CW: Historical development of cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiopulmonary Bypass 1993; 1: 26.
69. von Frey M, Gruber M: Untersuchungen uber den stoffwechsel isolierter ograne. Ein respirations-apparat fur isolierte organe. Virchows Arch Physiol 1885; 9: 519.
70. Jacobi C: Ein betrag zur technik der kunstlichen durchblutung uberlebender organe. Arch Exp Pathol (Leipzig) 1895; 31: 330.
71. Brukhonenko SS, Tchetchuline S: Experience avec la tete isole du chien: I. Techniques et conditions des experiences. J Physiol Pathol Genet 1929; 27: 31.
72. Edwards WS, Edwards PD, Carrel Alexis: Visionary Surgeon. Springfield, IL, Charles C Thomas, 1974, p 93.
73. Edwards WS, Edwards PD: Alexis Carrel: Visionary Surgeon. Springfield, IL, Charles C Thomas, 1974, p 95.
74. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 121.
75. McLean J: The discovery of heparin. Circulation 1959; 19: 78.
76. Letter from Jay McLean to Charles H. Best on November 14, 1940; quoted from Best CH: Preparation of heparin and its use in the first clinical case. Circulation 1959; 19: 79.
77. Howell WH, Holt E: Two new factors in blood coagulation: Heparin and pro-antithrombin. Am J Physiol 1918; 47: 328.
78. Best C: Preparation of heparin and its use in the first clinical cases. Circulation 1959; 19: 81.
79. Gibbon JH Jr: The gestation and birth of an idea. Phila Med 1963; 59: 913.
80. Gibbon JH Jr: Artificial maintenance of circulation during experimental occlusion of the pulmonary artery. Arch Surg 1937; 34: 1105.
81. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 145.
82. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 148.
83. Dennis C, Spreng DS, Nelson GE, et al: Development of a pump oxygenator to replace the heart and lungs: An apparatus applicable to human patients, and application to one case. Ann Surg 1951; 134: 709.
84. Digliotti AM: Clinical use of the artificial circulation with a note on intra-arterial transfusion. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1951; 90: 131.
85. Dodrill FD, Hill E, Gerisch RA: Temporary mechanical substitute for the left ventricle in man. JAMA 1952; 150: 642.
86. Dodrill FD, Hill E, Gerisch RA: Some physiologic aspects of the artificial heart problem. J Thorac Surg 1952; 24: 134.
87. Dodrill FD, Hill E, Gerisch RA, Johnson A: Pulmonary valvuloplasty under direct vision using the mechanical heart for a complete bypass of the right heart in a patient with congenital pulmonary stenosis. J Thorac Surg 1953; 25: 584.
88. Bigelow WG, Callaghan JC, Hopps JA: General hypothermia for experimental intracardiac surgery. Am Surg 1950; 132: 531.
89. Bigelow WG, Lindsay WK, Harrison RC, et al: Oxygen transport and utilization in dogs at low body temperatures. Am J Physiol 1950; 160: 125.
90. Bigelow WG, Hopps JA, Callaghan JA: Radiofrequency rewarming in resuscitation from severe hypothermia. Can J Med Sci 1952; 30: 185.
91. Bigelow WG: Intellectual humility in medical practice and research. Surgery 1969; 132: 849.
92. Lewis FJ, Taufic M: Closure of atrial septal defects with the aid of hypothermia: Experimental accomplishments and the report of one successful case. Surgery 1953; 33: 52.
93. Swan H, Zeavin I, Blount SG Jr, Virtue RW: Surgery by direct vision in the open heart during hypothermia. JAMA 1953; 153: 1081.
94. Hikasa Y, Shirotani H, Satomura K, et al: Open heart surgery in infants with the aid of hypothermic anesthesia. Arch Jpn Chir 1967; 36: 495.
95. Horiuchi T, Koyamada K, Matano I, et al: Radical operation for ventricular septal defect in infancy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1963; 46: 180.
96. Dillard DH, Mohri H, Hessel II EA, et al: Correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in infancy utilizing deep hypothermia with total circulatory arrest. Circulation 1967; 35, 36 (suppl I): I-105.
97. Wakusawa R, Shibata S, Saito H, et al: Clinical experience in 52 cases of open heart surgery under simple profound hypothermia. Jpn J Anesth 1968; 18: 240.
98. Barratt-Boyes BG, Simpson MM, Neutze JM: Intracardiac surgery in neonates and infants using deep hypothermia. Circulation 1970; 61 suppl III: III-73.
99. Johnson SL: The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970, p 143.
100. Gibbon Jr JH: Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery. Minn Med 1954; 37: 171.
101. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, et al: The results of direct vision closure of ventricular septal defects in eight patients by means of controlled cross circulation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1955; 101: 446.
102. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, et al: The direct vision intracardiac correction of congenital anomalies by controlled cross circulation. Surgery 1955; 38: 11.
103. Kirklin JW, DuShane JW, Patrick RT, et al: Intracardiac surgery with the aid of a mechanical pump-oxygenator system (Gibbon type): Report of eight cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1955; 30: 201.
104. Kirklin JW: The middle 1950s and C. Walton Lillehei. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989; 98: 822.
105. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 167.
106. Hill JD, O'Brien TG, Murray JJ, et al: Prolonged extracorporeal oxygenation for acute post-traumatic respiratory failure (shock-lung syndrome): Use of the Bramson membrane lung. N Engl J Med 1972; 286: 629.
107. Zapol WM, Snider MT, Hill JD, et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure: A randomized prospective study. JAMA 1979; 242: 2193.
108. Bartlett RH, Gazzaniga AB, Jefferies R: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cardiopulmonary support in infancy. ASAIO Trans 1976; 22: 80.
109. Bartlett RH, Andrews AF, Toomasian J: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for newborn respiratory failure: 45 cases. Surgery 1982; 92: 425.
110. Bartlett RH, Gazzaniga AV, Toomasian J, et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonatal respiratory failure: 100 cases. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 236.
111. Toomasian JM, Snedecor SM, Cornell RG, et al: National experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for newborn respiratory failure: Data from 715 cases. ASAIO Trans 1988; 34: 140.
112. Bartlett RH, Roloff DW, Cornell RG, et al: Extracorporeal circulation in neonatal respiratory failure: A prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 1989; 84: 957.
113. O'Rourke PP, Crone RK, Vacanti JP, et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and conventional medical therapy in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: A prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 1989; 84: 957.
114. Carrel A: Experimental operations on the orifices of the heart. Ann Surg 1914; 40: 1.
115. Carrel A: On the experimental surgery of the thoracic aorta and the heart. Ann Surg 1910; 52: 83.
116. Melrose DG, Dreyer B, Bentall MB, Baker JBE: Elective cardiac arrest. Lancet 1955; 2: 21.
117. Gay WA Jr, Ebert PA: Functional metabolic, and morphologic effects of potassium-induced cardioplegia. Surgery 1973; 74: 284.
118. Tyers GFO, Todd GJ, Niebauer IM, et al: The mechanism of myocardial damage following potassium-induced (Melrose) cardioplegia. Surgery 1978; 78: 45.
119. Kirsch U, Rodewald G, Kalmar P: Induced ischemic arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 63: 121.
120. Bretschneider HJ, Hubner G, Knoll D, et al: Myocardial resistance and tolerance to ischemia: Physiological and biochemical basis. J Cardiovasc Surg 1975; 16: 241.
121. Hearse DJ, Stewart DA, Braimbridge MV, et al: Cellular protection during myocardial ischemia. Circulation 1976; 16: 241.
122. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 171.
123. Follette DM, Mulder DG, Maloney JV, Buckberg GD: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1978; 78: 604.
124. Potts WJ, Smith S, Gibson S: Anastomosis of the aorta to a pulmonary artery. JAMA 1946; 132:
125. Waterston DJ: Treatment of Fallot's tetralogy in children under one year of age. Rozhl Chir 1962; 41: 181.
126. Blalock A, Hanlon CR: The surgical treatment of complete transposition of the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1950; 90: 1.
127. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, et al: The results of direct vision closure of ventricular septal defects in eight patients by means of controlled cross circulation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1955; 101: 446.
128. Burroughs JT, Kirklin JW: Complete correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous correction: Report of three cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1956; 31: 182.
129. McGoon DC, Edwards JE, Kirklin JW: Surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysm of aortic sinus. Ann Surg 1958; 147: 387.
130. Ellis FH Jr, Kirklin JW: Congenital valvular aortic stenosis: Anatomic findings and surgical techniques. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1962; 43: 199.
131. Cooley DA, McNamara DG, Jatson JR: Aortico-pulmonary-septal defect: Diagnosis and surgical treatment. Surgery 1957; 42: 101.
132. Kirklin JW, Harp RA, McGoon DC: Surgical treatment of origin of both vessels from right ventricle including cases of pulmonary stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1964; 48: 1026.
133. Anderson RC, Lillihei CW, Jester RG: Corrected transposition of the great vessels of the heart. Pediatrics 1957; 20: 626.
134. Senning A: Surgical correction of transposition of the great vessels. Surgery 1959; 45: 966.
135. Swan H, Wilson JH, Woodwork G, Blount SE: Surgical obliteration of a coronary artery fistula to the right ventricle. Arch Surg 1959; 79: 820.
136. Hardy KL, May IA, Webster CA, Kimball KG: Ebstein's anomaly: A functional concept and successful definitive repair <. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1964; 48: 927.
137. Ross DN, Somerville J: Correction of pulmonary atresia with a homograft aortic valve. Lancet 1966; 2: 1446.
138. McGoon DC, Rastelli GC, Ongley PA: An operation for the correction of truncus arteriosus. JAMA 1968; 205: 59.
139. Fontan F, Baudet E: Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia. Thorax 1971; 26: 240.
140. Horiuchi T, Abe T, Okada Y, et al: Feasibility of total correction for single ventricle: A report of total correction in a six-year-old girl. Jpn J Thorac Surg 1970; 23: 434(In Japanese.).
141. Konno S, Iami Y, Iida Y, et al: A new method for prosthetic valve replacement in congenital aortic stenosis associated with hypoplasia of the aortic valve ring. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1975; 70: 909.
142. Jatene AD, Fontes VF, Paulista PP, et al: Anatomic correction of transposition of the great vessel. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976; 72: 364.
143. Norwood WI, Lang P, Hansen DD: Physiologic repair of aortic atresia-hypoplastic left heart syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 23.
144. Bailey LL, Gundry SR, Razzouk AJ, et al: Bless the babies: One hundred fifteen late survivors of heart transplantation during the first year of life. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 105: 805.
145. Harken DE, Soroff HS, Taylor WJ, et al: Partial and complete prostheses in aortic insufficiency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1960; 40: 744.
146. Starr A, Edwards ML: Mitral replacement: Clinical experience with a ball-valve prosthesis. Ann Surg 1961; 154: 726.
147. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 168.
148. Starr A, Edwards LM, McCord CW, et al: Multiple valve replacement. Circulation 1964; 29: 30.
149. Cartwright RS, Giacobine JW, Ratan RS, et al: Combined aortic and mitral valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1963; 45: 35.
150. Knott-Craig CJ, Schaff HV, Mullany CJ, et al: Carcinoid disease of the heart: Surgical management of ten patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104: 475.
151. Morrow AG, Brockenbrough EC: Surgical treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: Technic and hemodynamic results of subaortic ventriculomyotomy. Ann Surg 1961; 154: 181.
152. Heimbecker RO, Baird RJ, Lajos RJ, et al: Homograft replacement of the human valve: A preliminary report. Can Med Assoc J 1962; 86: 805.
153. Ross DN: Homograft replacement of the aortic valve. Lancet 1962; 2: 487.
154. Ross DN: Replacement of aortic and mitral valves with a pulmonary autograft. Lancet 1967; 2: 956.
155. Gerosa G, McKay R, Davies J, et al: Comparison of the aortic homograft and the pulmonary autograft for aortic valve or root replacement in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 102: 51.
156. Binet JP, Carpentier A, Langlois J, et al: Implantation de valves heterogenes dans le traitment des cardiopathies aortiques. C R Acad Sci Paris 1965; 261: 5733.
157. Binet JP, Planche C, Weiss M: Heterograft replacement of the aortic valve in Ionescu MI, Ross DN, Wooler GH (eds) Biological Tissue in Heart Valve Replacement. London, Butterworth, 1971, p 409.
158. Carpentier A: Principles of tissue valve transplantation in Ionescu MI, Ross DN, Wooler GH (eds) Biological Tissue in Heart Valve Replacement. London, Butterworth, 1971, p 49.
159. Kaiser GA, Hancock WD, Lukban SB, Litwak RS: Clinical use of a new design stented xenograft heart valve prosthesis. Surg Forum 1969; 20: 137.
160. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 168.
161. Wooler GH, Nixon PG, Grimshaw VA, et al: Experiences with the repair of the mitral valve in mitral incompetence. Thorax 1962; 17: 49.
162. Reed GE, Tice DA, Clause RH: A symmetric, exaggerated mitral annuloplasty: Repair of mitral insufficiency with hemodynamic predictability. J Thorax Cardiovasc Surg 1965; 49: 752.
163. Kay JH, Zubiate T, Mendez MA, et al: Mitral valve repair for significant mitral insufficiency. Am Heart J 1978; 96: 243.
164. Carpentier A: Cardiac valve surgery: “The French correction”. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 23.
165. Arbulu A, Thoms NW, Chiscano A, Wilson RF: Total tricuspid valvulectomy without replacement in the treatment of Pseudomonas endocarditis . Surg Forum 1971; 22: 162.
166. Arbulu A, Holmes RJ, Asfaw I: Surgical treatment of intractable right-sided infective endocarditis in drug addicts: 25 years experience. J Heart Valve Dis 1993; 2: 129.
167. Beck CS: The development of a new blood supply to the heart by operation in Levy RL (ed) Disease of the Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Pain. New York, Macmillan, 1936, p 17.
168. Beck CS: The development of a new blood supply to the heart by operation. Ann Surg 1935; 102: 805.
169. Beck CS: Coronary sclerosis and angina pectoris: Treatment by grafting a new blood supply upon the myocardium. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1937; 64: 270.
170. Vineberg AM: Development of an anastomosis between the coronary vessels and a transplanted internal mammary artery. Can Med Assoc J 1946; 55: 117.
171. Vineberg AM: Medical news section. JAMA 1975; 234: 693.
172. Longmire WP Jr, Cannon JA, Kattus AA: Direct-vision coronary endarterectomy for angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 1958; 259: 993.
173. Sones FM, Shirey EK: Cine coronary arteriography. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 1962; 31: 735.
174. Johnson WD: Coronary surgery in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 221.
175. Garrett EH, Dennis EW, DeBakey ME: Aortocoronary bypass with saphenous vein grafts: Seven-year follow-up. JAMA 1973; 223: 792.
176. Shumaker HB Jr: The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1992, p 141.
177. Demikhov VP: Experimental Transplantation of Vital Organs Authorized translation from the Russian by Basil Haigh. New York, Consultants Bureau, 1962.
178. Kolessov VI: Mammary artery-coronary artery anastomosis as a method of treatment for angina pectoris. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1967; 54: 535.
179. Green GE, Stertzer SH, Reppert EH: Coronary arterial bypass grafts. Ann Thorac Surg 1968; 5: 443.
180. Bailey CP, Hirose T: Successful internal mammary-coronary arterial anastomosis using a “minivascular” suturing technic. Int Surg 1968; 49: 416.
181. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 170.
182. Favalaro RG: Saphenous vein autograft replacement of severe segmental coronary artery occlusion. Ann Thorac Surg 1968; 5: 334.
183. Johnson WD, Flemma RJ, Lepley D Jr, Ellison EH: Extended treatment of severe coronary artery disease: A total surgical approach. Ann Surg 1969; 171: 460.
184. Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, et al: Influence of the internal-mammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1.
185. Cooley DA, Belmonte BA, Zeis LB, Schnur S: Surgical repair of ruptured interventricular septum following acute myocardial infarction. Surgery 1957; 41: 930.
186. Cooley DA, Henly WS, Amad KH, Chapman DW: Ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction: Results of surgical treatment. Ann Surg 1959; 150: 595.
187. Beck CS: Operation for aneurysm of the heart. Ann Surg 1944; 120: 34.
188. Bailey CP, et al: Ventriculoplasty for cardiac aneurysm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1958; 35: 37.
189. Petrovsky BV: The use of diaphragmatic flaps for plastic purpose in thoracic surgery. Chest Surg (Moscow) 1959; 51: 73.
190. Petrovsky BV: Certain problems of surgical treatment in cardiac aneurysms. Surgery (Moscow) 1959; 4: 11.
191. Petrovsky BV: Surgical treatment of cardiac aneurysms following myocardial infarction. Surgery (Moscow) 1960; 9: 11.
192. Petrovsky BV: The use of the diaphragm grafts for plastic operations in thoracic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1961; 41: 348.
193. Petrovsky BV: The surgical treatment of cardiac aneurysms. Surgery (Moscow) 1963; 2: 5.
194. Cobb FR, Blumenshein SD, Sealy WC, et al: Successful surgery interruption of the bundle of Kent in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation 1968; 38: 1018.
195. Cox JL: Arrhythmia surgery in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 258.
196. Guiraudon G, Fontaine G, Frank R, et al: Encircling endocardial ventriculotomy: A new surgical treatment for life-threatening ventricular tachycardias resistant to medical treatment following myocardial infarction. Ann Thorac Surg 1978; 26: 438.
197. Josephson ME, Harken AH, Horowitz LN: Endocardial excision: A new surgical technique for the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1979; 60: 1430.
198. Ross DL, Johnson DC, Denniss AR, et al: Curative surgery for atrioventricular junctional (“AV node”) reentrant tachycardia. J Amer Coll Cardiol 1985; 6: 1383.
199. Cox JL, Holman WL, Cain ME: Cryosurgical treatment of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia. Circulation 1987; 76: 1329.
200. Cox JL: The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation: IV. Surgical technique. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 101: 584.
201. Mirowski M, Reid PR, Mower MM, et al: Termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias with an implanted automatic defibrillator in human beings. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 322.
202. Bakken EE: Pacemakers and defibrillators in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 298.
203. Zoll PM: Resuscitation of the heart in ventricular standstill by external electrical stimulation. N Engl J Med 1952; 247: 768.
204. Lillehei CW, Gott VL, Hodges PC Jr, et al: Transistor pacemaker for treatment of complete atrioventricular dissociation. JAMA 1960; 172: 2006.
205. Elmquist R, Senning A: Implantable pacemaker for the heart in Smyth, CN (ed): Medical Electronics: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Medical Electronics, Paris, June, 1959. London, Iliffe & Sons, 1960.
206. Chardack WM, Gage AA, Greatbatch W: Correction of complete heart block by a self-contained and subcutaneously implanted pacemaker: Clinical experience with 15 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1961; 42: 814.
207. Parsonnet V, Zucker IR, Gilbert L, et al: An intracardiac bipolar electrode for interim treatment of complete heart block. Am J Cardiol 1962; 10: 261.
208. Ekestrom S, Johansson L, Lagergren H: Behandling av Adams-Stokes syndrom med en intracardiell pacemaker elektrod. Opusc Med 1962; 7: 1.
209. Carrel A, Guthrie CC: The transplantation of vein and organs. Am Med 1905; 10: 101.
210. Shumaker HB Jr: The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1992, p 317.
211. Demikhov VP: Experimental transplantation of an additional heart in the dog. Bull Exp Biol Med (Russia) 1950; 1: 241.
212. Lower RR, Shumway NE: Studies on orthotopic homotransplantation of the canine heart. Surg Forum 1960; 11: 18.
213. Brock R: Heart excision and replacement. Guys Hosp Rep 1959; 108: 285.
214. Spencer F: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 172.
215. Hardy JD, Chavez CM, Hurrus FD, et al: Heart transplantation in man and report of a case. JAMA 1964; 188: 1132.
216. Barnard CN: A human cardiac transplant: An interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. S Afr Med J 1967; 41: 1271.
217. Kantrowitz A: Heart, heart-lung and lung transplantation in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 314.
218. Thomson G: Provisional report on the autopsy of LW. South Afr Med J 1967; 41: 1277.
219. Ruggiero R: Commentary on Barnard CN: A human cardiac transplant: An interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town S Afr Med J 1967; 41:1271 in Stephenson LW, Ruggiero R (eds): Heart Surgery Classics. Boston, Adams Publishing Group, 1994, p 327.
220. Reitz BA, Wallwork JL, Hunt SA, et al: Heart-lung transplantation: Successful therapy for patients with pulmonary vascular disease. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 557.
221. Reitz BA, Burton NA, Jamieson SW, et al: Heart and lung transplantation: Autotransplantation and allotransplantation in primates with extended survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980; 80: 360.
222. Castaneda AR, Arnar O, Schmidt-Habelman P, et al: Cardiopulmonary transplantation in primates. J Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 37: 523.
223. Harjula A, Baldwin J, Henry D, et al: Minimal lung pathology on long-term primate survivors of heart-lung transplantation. Transplantation 1987; 44: 852.
224. Juvenelle AA, Citret C, Wiles CE Jr, Stewart JD: Pneumonectomy with replantation of the lung in dog for physiologic studies. J Thorac Surg 1951; 21: 111.
225. Naef AP: The Story of Thoracic Surgery: Milestones and PioneersW. Toronto, Hogrefe & Huber, 1990, p 132.
226. Metras H: Note preliminaire sur la greffe du poumon chez le chien. C R Acad Sci (Paris) 1950; 231: 1176.
227. Hardy JD, Webb WR, Dalton ML Jr, Walker GR Jr: Lung homotransplantation in man: Report of the initial case. JAMA 1963; 286: 1065.
228. Derom F, Barbier F, Ringoir S, et al: Ten-month survival after lung homotransplantation in man. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1971; 61: 835.
229. Cooper JD, Ginsberg RJ, Goldberg M, et al: Unilateral lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1140.
230. Harken DE: Presentation at the meeting of the International College of Cardiology. Brussels, , 1958.
231. Clauss RH, Birtwell WC, Altertal G, et al: Assisted circulation: I. The arterial counterpulsator. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1961; 41: 447.
232. Moulopoulos SD, Topaz S, Kolff WJ: Diastolic balloon pumping in the aorta: Mechanical assistance to the failing heart. Am Heart J 1962; 63: 669.
233. Kantrowitz A, Tjonneland S, Freed PS, et al: Initial clinical experience with intraaortic balloon pumping in cardiogenic shock. JAMA 1968; 203: 135.
234. Akutsu T, Kolff WJ: Permanent substitutes for valves and hearts. Trans ASAIO 1958; 4: 230.
235. Liotta D, Hall W, Henly WS, et al: Prolonged assisted circulation during and after cardiac or aortic surgery: Prolonged partial left ventricular bypass by means of intracorporeal circulation. Am J Cardiol 1963; 12: 399.
236. Cooley DA, Liotta D, Hallman GL, et al: Orthotopic cardiac prosthesis for two-staged cardiac replacement. Am J Cardiol 1969; 24: 723.
237. Hill JD, Farrar DJ, Hershon JJ, et al: Use of a prosthetic ventricle as a bridge to cardiac transplantation for postinfarction cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 626.
238. Starnes VA, Ayer PE, Portner PM, et al: Isolated left ventricular assist as bridge to cardiac transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 96: 62.
239. DeVries WC, Anderson JL, Joyce LD, et al: Clinical use of total artificial heart. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 273.
240. Kantrowitz A, McKinnon W: The experimental use of the diaphragm as an auxiliary myocardium. Surg Forum 1959; 9: 266.
241. Salmons S, Vrbova G: The influence of activity on some contractile characteristics of mammalian fast and slow muscles. J Physiol 1960; 150: 417.
242. Macoviak JA, Stephenson LW, Armenti F, et al: Electrical conditioning of in situ skeletal muscle for replacement of myocardium. J Surg Res 1982; 32: 429.
243. Mannion JD, Bitto T, Hammond RL, et al: Histochemical and fatigue-resistant characteristics of conditioned canine latissimus dorsi muscle. Circ Res 1986; 58: 298.
244. Dewar ML, Drinkwater DC, Wittnich C, Chiu RC-J: Synchronously stimulated skeletal muscle graft for myocardial repair: An experimental study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 87: 325.
245. Carpentier A, Chachques JC: Myocardial substitution with a stimulated skeletal muscle: First successful clinical case. Lancet 1985; 1: 1267.
246. Thomas GA, Isoda S, Hammond RL, et al: Pericardium-lined skeletal muscle ventricles as aortic counterpulsators: Two year in-circulation experience. Ann Thorac Surg..
247. Edwards WS, Edwards PD: Alexis Carrel: Visionary Surgeon. Springfield, IL, Charles C Thomas, 1974, p 26.
248. Acierno LJ: The History of Cardiology. New York, Parthenon, 1994, p 603.
249. DeBakey ME, Simeone FA: Battle injuries of the arteries in World War II. Am J Surg 1946; 123: 534.
250. Schumaker HB: Surgical cure of innominate aneurysm: Report of a case with comments on the applicability of surgical measures. Surgery 1947; 22: 739.
251. Swan HC, Maaske M, Johnson M, Grover R: Arterial homografts: II. Resection of thoracic aneurysm using a stored human arterial transplant. Arch Surg 1950; 61: 732.
252. Gross RE: Treatment of certain aortic coarctations by homologous grafts: A report of nineteen cases. Ann Surg 1951; 134: 753.
253. Dubost C, Allary M, Oeconomos N: Resection of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: Reestablishment of the continuity by a preserved human arterial graft, with results after five months. Arch Surg 1952; 62: 405.
254. Bahnson HT: Definitive treatment of saccular aneurysms of the aorta with excision of sac and aortic suture. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1953; 96: 383.
255. DeBakey ME, Cooley DA: Successful resection of aneurysm of thoracic aorta and replacement by graft. JAMA 1953; 152: 673.
256. Lam C, Aram HA: Resection of the descending thoracic aorta for aneurysm: A report of the use of a homograft in a case and an experimental study. Am Surg 1951; 134: 743.
257. Hughes CW: Acute vascular trauma in Korean War casualties. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1954; 99: 91.
258. Voorhees AB Jr, Janetzky A III, Blakemore AH: The use of tubes constructed from Vinyon “N” cloth in bridging defects. Ann Surg 1952; 135: 332.
259. Edwards WS, Tapp JS: Chemically treated nylon tubes as arterial grafts. Surgery 1995; 38: 61.
260. Spencer FC: Intellectual creativity in thoracic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 164.
261. DeBakey ME, Cooley DA, Creech O Jr: Surgical consideration of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. Ann Surg 1955; 142: 586.
262. Wheat MW Jr, Palmer RF, Bartley TD, Seelman RC: Treatment of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta without surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1965; 50: 364.
263. Cooley DA, DeBakey ME: Resection of entire ascending aorta in fusiform aneurysm using cardiac bypass. JAMA 1956; 162: 1158.
264. DeBakey ME Jr, Creech O, Morris GC Jr: Aneurysm of the thoracoabdominal aorta involving the celiac superior mesenteric, and renal arteries: Report of four cases treated by resection and homograft replacement. Ann Surg 1956; 144: 549.
265. DeBakey ME, Crawford ES, Dooley DA, Morris GC Jr: Successful resection of fusiform aneurysm of aortic arch with replacement by homograft. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1957; 105: 657.
266. Bentall H, De Bono A: A technique for complete replacement of the ascending aorta. Thorax 1968; 23: 338.
267. Starr A, Edwards WL, McCord MD, et al: Aortic replacement. Circulation 1963; 27: 779.
268. Wheat MW Jr, Wilson JR, Bartley TD: Successful replacement of the entire ascending aorta and aortic valve. JAMA 1964; 188: 717.
269. Treasure RL, Rainer WG, Sadler TR: Left ventricular rupture following mitral valve replacement. Chest 1974; 66: 5.
If you wish to do literature search for any of the articles above or other for viewing or download: Click
