Examination of Precordial Apical Impulse

Nirmal Gupta
National Teacher and Professor and Head
Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 226014.
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Clinical Examination of Precordial Apical Impulse

Observing and palpating cardiac apical impulse is an important part of systemic cardiac examination. It can provide generous information about several pathophysiologic abnormalities that occur in a diseased heart. No cardiac examination is complete without this important step.